Alija Izetbegović, the former president of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a Muslim thinker, was born in 1925 in the town of Bosanski Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. He spent his life in Sarajevo, where his family had migrated when he was a child. He studied agriculture and law, and worked as a lawyer. Having received his early Islamic upbringing from his family, Izetbegović joined the Young Muslims organization in his youth and remained active within the Islamic movement throughout his life. Because of his ideas, he was imprisoned by the communist Yugoslavian regime between 1946–1949 and 1983–1988.